Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta RELATIVE CLAUSES. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta RELATIVE CLAUSES. Mostrar todas las entradas

sábado, 2 de junio de 2012

4ºESO - UNIT 8 REVIEW


Hello everybody!

I know they are a lot, but do as many as you can. I will LINK the solutions soon.


Click HERE to download a copy of the key

1. ACTIVE [ PASSIVE
1.       Susan is going to send me a letter.
2.       When did John buy the pen for me.
3.       I don’t drive a motorbike.
4.       She’s brought the books to my house.
5.        My father can translate this article.
6.       Somebody has stolen my bike.
7.       I can’t hear anything.
8.       She sells roses in the streets and parks.
9.        I have finished my composition.
10.    The child took the sweets.
11.    They often listen to music
12.    She is reading the newspaper now.
13.    You should open your workbooks.
14.    Where did you leave your books?
15.    They don’t sell apples in this shop.
2. PASSIVE [ACTIVE
16.    The competition will be finished by the end of the next month
17.    Lots of fascinating documentaries are shown on that channel.
18.    The article was written by a well-known journalist.
19.    Dinner was being made by Gerry when I arrived.
20.    The new office block is going to be opened by the end of the month.
21.    The instructions have been changed.
22.    She will have to be taught.
23.    Where was this car manufactured in Japan by Toyota?
24.    Why aren't the exercises being finished on time?
25.    Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by the time we introduced the new design.
26.    Casual clothes must not be worn.
27.    $400,000 in profit has been reported this year.
28.    The test will be given at five o'clock this afternoon.
29.    This rumor must have been started by our competitors.
30.    All work will have been completed by five o'clock this evening.
31.    We were told to wait here.
32.    What time was lunch being served?
33.    Lectures are recorded and posted on the Internet.
34.    Portuguese has always been spoken in this village.

3. Circle the relative pronouns you could omit in these sentences.

1. The girl that we were talking to loves snakes.
2. Is that the woman who threw acid at the horses?
3. The book which I bought yesterday is about training dogs.
4. My friend Simon is the boy whose mother is a professor of zoology.
5. Do you know the people who made so much noise at the party last night?
6. Have you seen the bag where I keep my football kit?


4. Join each pair of sentences with a defining relative clause. Omit the  pronoun where possible.
1. Last week I bought a book. It’s a best-seller.
       Last week I bought a book which/ that is a best–seller.
2. This is the book. I found the information in it.
4. I didn’t recognise Susan. I talked to her.
5. She hasn’t given me back my book. She borrowed it from me last week.
6. Have you seen the biscuits? They were on the top shelf.
7. A woman gave me the application form. She told me how to fill it out.
8. The novel is about a child. Her parents die in the jungle.
9. Charles Chaplin was a famous comedian. He directed well-known films.
10 You are going to meet a girl tomorrow. She is intelligent and pretty, too.
11 I bought a new CD. Its songs are by different country music singers.

5. Join each pair of sentences with a non-defining relative clause.

1. Fur coats are very popular among wealthy women. They produce indignation among animal lovers.
   Fur coats, which are very popular among wealthy women, produce indignation among animal lovers.
2. My English friends live in Leeds. They work for the RSPCA.
3. Harry is very fond of pets. He’s got a dog, a cat, two hamsters and three budgies.
4. My brother studied zoology. He works in a natural history museum.
5. The Tower of London is on the River Thames. It is one of the most famous buildings in Britain.
6. Fiesta was written by Ernest Hemingway. It is also called The Sun Also Rises.
7. The new tunnel will be opened next month. It is the safest in Europe.
8. Michael is still asleep. He stayed up until 4 a.m. watching athletics. 
9. Tina gave a big party in her house. Her parents were away on business.
10. Doris Lessing was born in Persia. She wrote The Golden Notebook.
11. Sara speaks good English. She has never visited England or America.

6.  Join each pair of sentences with a defining or non-defining relative clause. Omit the pronoun where possible.

1. Last week I bought a book. It was written 300 years ago.
                     Last week I bought a book which/that was written 300 years ago.
2. This is the magazine. I found an article about how young gorillas learn in it.
3. I like people. Well, only if they are friendly and honest.
4. I didn’t know the girl. I talked to her at the bus stop.
5. She hasn’t given me back my book. She borrowed it from me last month.
6. Have you seen John’s mobile phone? He left it here on Saturday.


7. Join these sentences using a non-defining relative clause.

1. The bus was full of noisy school children. It broke down at the top of the hill.
      The bus, which was full of noisy school children, broke down at the top of the hill.
2. His grandparents bought him a present. He wanted a silver mountain bike.
3. Her book was published last year. It became an instant best-seller.
4. A strange old lady lives next door. She is watching you again.
5. The shoes were the first ones I tried on. I finally bought them.
6. The dog barks all the time. Its owner is never home.

8. Join the sentences given with a relative pronoun:

1. The girl studies Chemistry. You met her last week.
2. Sam is our cousin. He came home last night.
3. The hotel is wonderful. We stayed there last summer.
4. That´s the month. We met then.
5. The boy works for my father. Paula is dancing with him.
6. Sara is very happy. Her parents won a medal yesterday.

9. Join each pair of sentences by using a relative pronoun.
1. This is the building. It was built by my grandfather.
2. The parcel reached me this morning. It was sent by my brother.
3. James is very lazy. He was punished by his teacher.
4. The boy is my cousin. You see him there.
5. The guests have arrived. I was speaking of them.
6. The boy tells lies. He needs to be punished.
7. Bring me the file. The file is on the table.
8. The bicycle is a new one. Jane rode it.
9. We got into a bus. It was over-crowded.
10. Little Red Riding Hood went to visit her grandmother. Her grandmother lived in a small hut in the woods.


10. Fill in negative prefixes to form the OPPOSITE of each of the adjectives below: add un-, -in, im-, il-, ir-, dis,

acceptable, accurate, adequate, agreeable, approachable, appropriate, bearable, compatible, complete, conscious, contented, convenient, credible, decisive, desirable, discreet, excusable, experienced, faithful, flexible, frequent, grateful, healthy, helpful, hospitable, legal, legible, legitimate, literate, logical, mature, moral, mortal, obedient, organised, passive, patient, perfect, personal, polite, probable, readable, regular, resolute, responsible, respectful, sane, satisfactory, satisfied, sociable, sufficient, variable, visible, willing


11. Write the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. Add un-, -in, im-, il-, ir-, dis, a-

1. It was ……………. (possible) to sleep because of the noise.
2. Mary is ……………. (certain) whether to go to Sweden or not.
3. It's totally  ……………….. (rational) but I'm afraid of spiders.
4. I like my teacher but she is a bit  ………………….. (patient) with slow learners.
5. Bob has been ………………. (honest) in his dealings with us.
6. It's ……………….  (legal) to drive through a red light.
7. Administration should be an  ……………………(political) tool of the government.
8. This new house is not ……………….. (similar) to our old one except that it's a bit bigger.
9. Stop Stewart ! It is …………………. (polite) to point at people.
10. Why did you write this sentence ? It's completely …………….. (logical).

viernes, 9 de marzo de 2012

RELATIVE CLAUSES - REPHRASING

REPHRASING 1

REPHRASING 2

RELATIVE CLAUSES - EXERCISES

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

SUBJECT OR OBJECT PRONOUNS

RELATIVE PRONOUNS - NECESSARY OR NOT?

RELATIVE PRONOUNS - NECESSARY OR NOT?

RELATIVE ADVERBS

RELATIVE CLAUSES - FORMATION

CONTACT CLAUSES

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

DEFINING vs NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

RELATIVE CLAUSES - GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSES  (SUBORDINADAS DE RELATIVO
Las oraciones de relativo nos proporcionan información adicional sobre algo ya mencionado:
  - The man who lives next door is Italian.  who se refiere a “the man”
  - She´s got a cat which she found in the street.  which se refiere a “a cat”
Los pronombres relativos principales en inglés son who y which (que a veces se sustituyen por that) y equivalen en español a “que”. Who se utiliza para referirnos a personas y which a cosas o animales.
Más ejemplos:
   - I like those houses which have a garden.
   - The dress which she bought was very expensive.
   - These are the cakes which Paul likes.
   - They are looking for someone who speaks Japanese.
   - Is that the woman who lives upstairs?
   - That´s the boy who goes to school with Jil

THAT

Que / cual (persona, animal/ cosa)


WHERE

Donde

WHO

Quien / que (persona)


WHEN

Cuando

WHOSE

Cuyo


WHICH

El cual

WHOM

A quien
- Cuando va detrás de una preposición
- En inglés formal (en los demás casos 
  suele utilizarse 'who').







TIPOS:

Defining (especificativas)

Non-defining (explicativas)

Son oraciones que no se pueden eliminar sin que la oración principal pierda su sentido, por no poder determinar claramente el nombre al que complementan.

Son oraciones que nos dan más datos sobre un nombre, pero que se pueden eliminar sin que la oración pierda COMPLETAMENTE su sentido.

Van sin comas

En castellano van entre comas; en inglés, no siempre.

El relativo (who, that, ...) se puede omitir cuando cumpla la función de objeto(*) de su oración (si hace de sujeto no puede omitirse nunca).

El relativo NO se puede omitir

S: Where‘s the girl that sells the tickets?
O: He is a man [Ø] people like at first sight.
This is Mr. Jones, (whose son writes poetry).
The boy (who lives here) is my brother
The car (that is parked there) is mine
The house (where I live) is big

 
Dos tipos de oraciones de relativo: defining relative clauses y non-defining relative clauses:
· Defining relative clauses
   Ejemplos:
            - The man who works in the bar is a friend of mine.
- That house which has been painted is my aunt´s.
En los ejemplos anteriores no se puede omitir la oración de relativo, ya que ésta proporciona
información esencial para poder identificar a “the man” y “that house”.
   1. That: en las defining relative clauses, who y which pueden sustituirse por that:
- The man that works in the bar is a friend of mine.
- That house that has been painted is my aunt´s.
   2. Omisión de who, which o that: cuando estas palabras actúan como objeto de la  
       oración, y no como sujeto, pueden omitirse.
- The book which/that you bought for me.  The book you bought for me.
- The person who/that I met on holidays.  The person I met on holidays.
       Sin embargo, no se pueden omitir en estos casos porque actúan como sujeto:
- The man who/that works in the bar is a friend of mine.
- That house which/that has been painted is my aunt´s.
· Non-defining relative clauses
Ejemplos:
- My friend Sarah, who lives in Germany, has won the lottery.
- We went to see a film yesterday, which was quite good.

En estos ejemplos la oración de relativo nos presenta información adicional, pero no esencial. Podríamos omitir la oración de relativo y el sentido general del enunciado sería el mismo.
   1. Comas: estas oraciones llevan siempre coma delante del pronombre relativo.
   2. Who y which: no es posible sustituirlos por that, ni omitirlos.
(*)TRUCO PARA SABER SI EL RELATIVO CUMPLE LA FUNCIÓN DE OBJETO:
Hay dos sujetos distintos en la frase (uno en la oración principal y otro en la subordinada)
En estos casos el relativo hace SUJETO y NO se puede omitir (sólo hay un sujeto en la frase):
        Where‘s the girl that sells the tickets?
        The house which / that is in the corner is expensive. (the house-Sujeto)
        The exercises which / that are in the book are easy (the exercises -Sujeto)
En estos casos el relativo hace OBJETO y se puede omitir (hay dos sujetos distintos en la frase, el de de la oración principal y el de la subordinada)
       He is a man who/that/Ø people like. (people like the man-Objeto)
       The man who/that/Ø I spoke to yesterday isn‘t here now. (I spoke to the man)
       The pool which /that/Ø his father has is dirty. (his father has the pool)
       The T-shirt which /that/Ø you‘re wearing is mine. (you‘re wearing the T-shirt)
       I want the drink which /that/Ø you had. (I want the drink)
 Uso de las preposiciones en las oraciones de relativo (en dónde, de dónde, sobre quién…)
Si hay dos sujetos en la frase, el pronombre relativo se ELIMINA y la PREPOSICIÓN se pone DESPUÉS DEL VERBO
Ejemplos:
           The city (where) he lives IN has many bars (where-Complemento del N)
               The girl (who) you are talking ABOUT studies here (who-Complemento del N)

Las preposiciones van al final en las oraciones de relativo:
- That´s the boy (who) I was talking to.
- Tim is the friend (who)she went to the cinema with.
Excepción: puede utilizarse una preposición + whom en lugar de situar who al final, pero
resulta más formal:
- The girl (who) he talked to [ The girl to whom he talked.
- The friend (who) Tom went out with[The friend with whom Tom went ou
SUSTITUCIÓN DE ORACIONES DE RELATIVO POR CONSTRUCCIONES
CON VERBO E –ING Y FRASES PREPOSICIONALES (ÚTIL PARA REPHRASING)
En subordinadas adjetivas: El verbo en –ing sustituye a la oración subordinada de relativo.
The girls who wear white caps are nurses. (las chicas que llevan… son enfermeras)
The girls wearing white caps are nurses.
The man who is reading the newspaper uses glasses (el hombre que está leyendo...)
The man reading the newspaper uses glasses.

En subordinadas de relativo introducidas por una preposición:
The book which is on the table was printed in Italy (el libro que está en la mesa...)
The book on the table was printed in Italy (el libro de la mesa...)
Cuando alguien lleva puesto algo de ropa: Se utiliza la preposición in:
The lady who is wearing a blue dress is Anne (la señora que está llevando el vestido...)
The lady in a blue dress is Anne (la señora del vestido...)
That man who is wearing those white shoes is Mr Stewart.
That man in those white shoes is Mr Stewart.
Cuando alguien lleva puesto algo, en el sentido de transportar o cuando nos referimos a alguna parte del cuerpo se utiliza la preposición with:
I don‘t know that lady who is carrying the grey bag.
I don‘t know that lady with the grey bag.
The boy who has a broken arm is my brother
The boy with a broken arm is my brother