UNIT 4:
[VOCABULARY
[ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
[ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
[WISH / IF ONLY
ADJECTIVE
+ PREPOSITION (completad la lista con
la de vuestro libros)
nice / kind / good / stupid / silly /
intelligent / clever / sensible / (im)polite / rude / unreasonable OF someone (to do
something):
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Thank you
it was very nice / kind of you to help me.
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It's stupid
of her to go out without a coat.
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nice / kind
/ good
/ (im)polite
/ rude
/ (un)pleasant
/ (un)friendly / cruel TO someone:
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She has always been very nice /
kind to me.
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Why are you so rude /
unfriendly to Ann?
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angry / furious ABOUT
something // WITH someone FOR something:
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Why are you
so angry about it?
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They were furious with me
for not inviting them to my party.
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pleased / disappointed / satisfied WITH
something:
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I was pleased
with the present you gave me.
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Were you disappointed with
your examination results?
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bored / fed up WITH
something:
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You get bored / fed up with
doing the same thing every day.
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surprised / shocked / amazed / astonished AT / BY something:
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Everyone was surprised by
/at the news.
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excited / worried / upset ABOUT something:
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Are you excited about
going on holiday next week?
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afraid / scared / frightened / terrified OF someone
/ something
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Are you afraid of dogs?
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proud / ashamed OF someone / something:
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I'm not ashamed of what I
did.
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good / bad / excellent / brilliant / hopeless AT (doing) something:
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I'm not very good at
repairing things.
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married TO someone
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Linda is married to an
American.
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sorry ABOUT something:
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I'm sorry about the noise
last night.
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sorry FOR doing something
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I'm sorry for shouting at
you yesterday.
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be / feel sorry FOR someone
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I feel sorry for George.
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famous FOR something:
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Florence is famous for its
art treasures.
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responsible FOR something:
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Who was responsible for
this noise last night?
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interested IN something:
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Are you interested in art?
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fond OF
something / someone:
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Mary is fond of animals.
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full OF something:
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The letter was full of
mistakes.
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short OF something:
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I'm a bit short of money.
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keen ON something:
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We stayed at home because Mary
wasn't very keen on going out in the rain.
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similar TO something:
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Your writing is similar to
mine.
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crowded WITH (people,...)
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The city was crowded with
tourists.
Complete the sentences with a suitable
preposition
SERIOUS
AABOUT / POPULAR WITH / SIMILARL TO / OPPOSED TO / RICH IN / AFRAID OF /
CAPABLE OF / INTERESTED IN / FAMOUS FOR / PROUD OF / PLEASED WITH / AWARE OF
/ ANSWEARABLE TO / ATTACHED TO / ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT.
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CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
Las oraciones condicionales tienen dos
partes: la oración
subordinada (la
oración que expresa la condición
y
comienza con if) y la oración principal, que enuncia el resultado o consecuencia. En la oración If it rains, I will stay at home, la oración
subordinada es If it rains, y la oración principal
es I will stay at home.
Debemos usar una coma para separar la oración
principal de la subordinada cuando escribimos primero la oración subordinada y
luego la principal. En caso contrario, cuando la oración subordinada sigue a la
principal, no se utiliza coma:
I will stay at home if it rains.
Hay varios tipos de oraciones condicionales:
If + Present Simple Present Simple
Utilizamos dos tiempos presentes para
expresar leyes naturales, reacciones habituales o algo que normalmente es
verdad:
If you heat ice, it turns to water.
If there is a shortage, the price
of oil goes
up.
Para situaciones pasadas utilizamos dos tiempos pasados:
If I finished my homework early, I played with my computer
When
you heat
ice,
it turns
to
water.
Whenever there is a shortage, the price
of oil goes
up.
If + Present Simple WILL + V
Cuando queremos expresar situaciones que son
posibles o probables, el verbo de la oración subordinada va en presente y el
verbo de la oración principal en futuro:
If you hurry, we will catch the bus.
Otras combinaciones de tiempos
verbales:
Ø If + Present Simple — Imperative
If you are tired, go to bed.
Ø If + Present Simple — Modal (can, may)+ V
If you are hungry, you can make yourself a sandwich.
If + Past Simple WOULD + V
Cuando hablamos de una situación improbable,
el verbo de la oración subordinada va en pasado simple y el verbo de la oración
principal en condicional:
If I dropped this, it would explode.
El pasado simple en la oración subordinada no es un verdadero pasado, sino que en realidad es subjuntivo, lo que indica improbabilidad o irrealidad. Puesto que el verbo BE sí tiene un pasado de subjuntivo, que es were para todas las personas, se puede utilizar If I/he were en vez de If I/he was.
Sin embargo, siempre decimos If I were you para dar consejo:
If I was/were offered a ticket, I would take it.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
Otras combinaciones de tiempos verbales:
Se puede usar might o could en vez de would para expresar
posibilidad, incertidumbre o permiso:
Ø If + Past Simple — Might + V
If you tried again, you might succeed.
Ø If + Past Simple — Could + V
If it stopped snowing, you could go out.
If + HAD + Participio pasado WOULD HAVE + Participio pasado
Cuando hablamos de una situación pasada que podría haber ocurrido pero que de hecho no ocurrió, el verbo de la oración subordinada va en pretérito pluscuamperfecto y el verbo de la oración principal en condicional perfecto:
If I had known, I would have bought it.
Otras combinaciones de tiempos verbales:
Se puede utilizar might have o could have para expresar una
posibilidad que no llegó a realizarse:
Ø If + Had + Past
participle might have + past participle
If we had saved more money, we might have gone on holiday.
Ø If + Had + Past
participle – could have + past participle
If we had saved more money, we could have gone on holiday.
Unless + verbo
afirmativo = If + verbo negativo
Unless it
stops raining, we won’t go out. = If it doesn’t stop
raining, we won’t go out.
Unless quiere decir ‘excepto con la condición de que / a menos que / a no ser que’ y no se puede usar en oraciones en las que algo sería el resultado de que otra cosa no ocurriese:
She’d be pretty if she
didn’t wear so much makeup
But for = If it were not for / If it had not
been for
But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier. = If it hadn’t been for the storm...
Provided / Providing (that) = If and only if
You can camp in my field provided you promise to leave no
mess.
As long as / So long as = If and only if
You can go out tonight, as long as you come back by midnight.
On (the) condition that = If and only if
She agreed to come on
(the) condition that she could bring her pet canary.
Suppose / Supposing (that)? = What if?
Suppose the plane is late? =
What will happen if the plane is late?
Suppose he went by train? =
What would happen if he went by train?
Supposing no one had been there?
= What would have happened if no
one
had been there?
I
WISH / IF ONLY
- Usamos I wish and If only +
past or could cuando deseamos que algo en el presente o futuro fuese
diferente.
Ejemplo:
I wish I could sing. If only I wasn’t ill.
(Ojalá pudiera cantar. Desearía no estár enfermo) - Usamos I wish and If only + past perfect or could have cuando
lamentamos algo en el pasado.
Ejemplo:
I wish I could have seen him before he left.
(Ojala pudiera haberle visto antes de que se fuera)
If only I had told the truth.
(Ojalá hubiera contado la verdad) - Usamos I wish and If only +
would para quejarnos sobre una conducta o algo dicho.
Ejemplo:
I wish he would stop smoking!
(¡Desearía que pararas de fumar!)