2ºBACHILLERATO - UNIT 1
GERUNDS
AND INFINITIVES
INFINITIVE
The
infinitive is formed with to + verb
We use the infinitive…
·
After adjectives: They were happy
to hear the news
·
To explain purpose: They came in
order to give us solutions
·
After modals and semimodals: I can
speak English / he has to study
for three hours every evening.
·
With some verbs: agree, appear, ask, beg, care, choose, claim, dare,
decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan,
prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, wail, want wish
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VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIE WITH TO
Ø Some verbs are followed by an object
and the infinitive with to. In the negative form, NOT goes before the
infinitive: advise, allow, ask, beg, convince,
command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, need, order, permit,
persuade, request, teach, tell, want, warn
Julia persuaded her boyfriend to buy a new car.
Liam advised his sister to get a new job.
VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIE WITH TO
v This structure is usually used with
verbs of perception (see, hear, listen to, smell,
watch) and make and let.
I saw the thief steal the bag (I saw the thief
stealing the bag)
My sister always makes me tidy her room
GERUND
The gerund
is formed with the verb + -ing
We use the gerund…
·
With some expressions:
It’s not use investing in that
Project
·
After preposition
He’s very good at English
·
As the subject or complement of a verb
Volunteering is a valuable way
to spend your free time
I hate dancing
Seeing is believing
·
With some verbs: admit, avoid, can’t help, can’t stand, consider,
delay, deny, detest, dislike, don’t mind, enjoy, feel, like, finish, give up,
imagine, mention, mind, miss, practice, resent, resist, suggest, understand
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VERBS THAT CHANGE MEANING WITH THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE
In the following cases the meaning
changes depending on whether a gerund or an infinitive is used:
FORGET
·
Forget + gerund (when the act of forgetting is after the past activity)(olvidar haber
hecho algo)
I’ll never forget meeting the Queen.
·
Forget + to + infinitive (when the act of forgetting is before the action) (olvidarse de hacer
algo) Don’t forget to read the reports
REMEMBER
·
Remember + gerund (when the act of remembering is after the past activity) (recordar haber
hecho algo)
She remembers visiting Africa for the first time.
·
Remember + to + infinitive (when the act of remembering is before the action) (acordarse de hacer
algo)
She never remembers to turn off her computer after
work.
REGRET
·
Regret + gerund (the act of regretting a past
action)(lamenter haber hecho algo)
We didn’t regret taking that decision.
·
Regret + to + infinitive (a formal statement) (lamenter
informar de algo)
We regret to inform passengers that the train will be
delayed.
MEAN
·
Mean + gerund (to describe the possible
consequences of a decision) (significar, implicar)
Your decision will mean spending hours in meetings.
·
Mean + to + infinitive (for an intention or a
plan)(querer)
I mean to start a new business
STOP
·
Stop + gerund (to abandon or to put an end to
something)(cese de actividad)
She’s stopped seeing him
·
Stop + to + infinitive (to interrupt an action to do
something else) (propósito)
They stopped to have something to eat.
TRY
·
Try + gerund (a suggestion or a possible
solution to a problem)(experimento)
If you feel sad, try watching a comedy.
Stop that noise! I’m trying to concentrate
ü We can use both the gerund and the
infinitive with the following verbs and the meaning of the sentence do not
change: begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer
I will start learning French
this term _ I will start to learn French this term
ü However, when like, love, prefer
and hate are preceded by would, they usually take the infinitive + to
Would you like to sit down?
He would prefer to walk home
tonight
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