RECUPERACIÓN - 2ºBACHILLERATO - UNIT 3

PASSIVE VOICE

(No olvideis estudiar el vocabulario)

Voz activa

Many students use computers.

Voz pasiva

Computers are used by many students.

Estructura

La voz pasiva se construye con el verbo to be seguido del participio pasado del verbo principal.

                            Ejemplo:    to cause    to be caused

El objeto de la oración activa pasa a ser sujeto de la oración pasiva.

                           Ejemplo:   Alcohol causes many health problems.

                                            Many health problems are caused by alcohol.

El sujeto e la oración activa se transforma en el complemento agente de la oración pasiva, que va introducido por by.

                                Ejemplo:    The coach will choose the team.

                                                   The team will be chosen by the coach.

¡Recuerda!    que el complemento agente se omite cuando se quiere  destacar la acción que expresa el verbo, sin importar demasiado quién la realiza.    Ejemplos: My purse has been stolen                     (Me han robado el bolso.)                     A new drug is being tested.                     (Están probando un medicamento nuevo.)

Usos

La voz pasiva se utiliza

• Para expresar acciones verbales destacando al objeto que afectan.

Ejemplos:    The doctors took a lot of samples.

                                A lot of samples were taken (by the doctors)

                              

                               They have made huge progress.

                               Huge progress has been made.

                              

¡Recuerda!    que la voz pasiva se utiliza mucho más en inglés que en castellano. Por eso, ante la oración: He was asked a lot of questions, debemos evitar una traducción literal del tipo: Le fueron hechas muchas preguntas, y coger una frase que suene más natural en castellano: Le hicieron muchas preguntas.

Cambios de tiempos verbales

Tenses	Active	Passive
Present simple	makes / make	Is / are made
Present continuous	Is / are making	Is / are being made
Past simple	made	was / were made
Past continuous	was / were making	was / were being made
Present perfect	has / have made	has / have been made
Past perfect	had made	had been made
Future	will make	wll be made
Future perfect	will have made	will have been made
Conditional	would make	would be made
Perfect conditional	would have made	would have been made
Infinitive	to make	to be made
Perfect infinitive	to have made	to have been made
Can	can make	can be made
	can have made	can have been made
Should / ought to	should / ought to make	should / ought to be made
	should / ought to have made	should / ought to have made

  Ejemplos:    William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

                       Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare.

                       Someone should put these books away.

                       These books should be put away.

                       They are painting the walls pink.

                       The walls are being painted pink.

                        Someone has made the beds.

                        The beds have been made.

                        They could have solved this problem.

                         This problem could have been solved.                   

Verbos con dos objetos

• Cuando el verbo activo tiene dos objetos, el objeto indirecto generalmente pasa a ser el sujeto de la frase pasiva.

Ejemplo:    They offered Harry a good job.

                                                                CI               CD

                                   Harry was offered a good job

                O bien:       A good job was offered to Harry.

                     

• Entre los verbos que admiten estas estructuras cabe destacar: give, send, show, lend, ask, tell, offer, order, pay.

Ejemplo:    They didn’t send John an e-mail.

                                    John wasn’t sent an e-mail.

                                    An e-mail wasn’t sent to John

Have something done

If you 'have something done', you get somebody else to do something for you. (Se usa un verbo causativo para expresar las acciones que encargamos a alguien.)

·         I'm going to have my hair cut.

·         She's having her house redecorated.

·         I'm having a copy of the report sent to you

In informal English, we can replace 'have' by 'get'.

·       We're getting a new telephone system installed.

·       They will be getting the system repaired as quickly as they can.

·       I got the bill sent direct to the company.

We can also use 'have/got something done' in situations where something bad has happened to people or their possessions. This is not something they wanted to happen.

·       John had all his money stolen from his hotel bedroom.

·       We had our car damaged by a falling tree.

·       I got my nose broken playing rugby.

Nótese la diferencia entre:

            a) I’m going to have/get this chair restored

            b) I’m going to restore this chair

En la frase a) yo voy a llevar la silla a alguien para que efectúe la restauración, mientras que en la b) soy yo mismo quien la efectúa.

 Si quisiéramos mencionar quién hace la acción, podríamos añadir by + el agente al final de la frase.

          Susan had her car repaired by a mechanic (Susan llevó el coche a un mecánico para que se lo arreglara)

 El verbo causativo puede usarse prácticamente en cualquier tiempo, incluso en las formas continuas.

                        We’re having our house painted this week

                         Jack will be getting his messages sent by e-mail from now on

TENSE	HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE
Present Simple	I have/get my hair cut.
Past Simple	I had/got my hair cut.
Present Continuous	I'm having/getting my hair cut.
Past Continuous	I was having/getting my hair cut.
Present Perfect	I have had my hair cut.
Past Perfect	I had had my hair cut.
will	I will have my hair cut.
must	I must have my hair cut.
be going to	I'm going to have my hair cut.

Impersonal Passive 

Example: They say that women live longer than men. –

                     It is said that women live longer than men.

                     Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).

People believe that the strike will continue for a week. It is believed that the strike will continue for a week. The police reported that there was a bomb on the plane. It was reported that there was a bomb on the plane.

He says that the Governor had inaugurated the bridge the last year.                 It is said that the Governor had inaugurated the bridge the last year.                The Governor is said to have inaugurated the bridge the last year.

Everyone thinks that the ship will arrive tomorrow morning.                  It is said that the ship will arrive tomorrow morning.                  The ship is said to arrive tomorrow morning.